G.17.3.4 Response Spectrum
This capability allows you to analyze the structure for seismic loading. For any supplied response spectrum (either acceleration vs. period or displacement vs. period), joint displacements, member forces, and support reactions are calculated for each mode used in the spectrum solution. These individual modal responses are combined using one of the square root of the sum of squares (SRSS), the complete quadratic combination (CQC), the ASCE4-98 (ASCE), the ten percent (TEN), or the absolute (ABS) methods to obtain the resultant responses. Results of the response spectrum analysis may be combined with the results of the static analysis to perform subsequent design. To account for reversibility of seismic activity, load combinations can be created to include either the positive or negative contribution of seismic results.
Calculation of Forces and Moments at Intermediate Sections
For static load cases, if there is no load applied within the span of a member, for any given degree of freedom (FX, FY, FZ, MX, MY, and MZ), the force or moment value at intermediate span locations can be calculated by linearly interpolating between the values for that degree of freedom at the start and end nodes of the member.
But for response spectrum load cases, this approach is applied at the individual mode basis following which the modal values are combined using the combination method specified in the input. The details of the procedure are as follows:
- RAP = The force/moment value of the d.o.f under consideration for mode P at the start node of the member (End A)
- RBP = The force/moment value of the d.o.f under consideration for mode P at the end node of the member (End B)
Using linear interpolation, calculate the value of that d.o.f at each of 11 equally spaced intermediate sections along the member length.
So, we now define the term RIP as the value of the d.o.f
under consideration at section location I
for mode P.
If the spectrum solution is based on N
modes, the
resultant value for that d.o.f at section location I
is obtained as:
or
or a similar calculation for the other modal combination methods.
The values calculated in the above fashion can then be
obtained in the output file using the
PRINT SECTION FORCES
command and in tabular or
graphical form in the post processing mode.
Complete Quadratic Combination Method
This method was first described in
A Replacement for the SRSS Method in Seismic Analysis
(Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 9 p.187-192)
by E.L. Wilson, et al in 1981. The method used in
STAAD.Pro is adapted from the textbook
Three Dimensional Static and Dynamic Analysis Of
Structures by Edward L. Wilson.
Similar equations are used to determine displacements and other resultant responses.