TR.31.2.11 IS:1893 (Part 1) 2016 Codes - Lateral Seismic Load

This feature enables one to generate seismic loads per the IS:1893 specifications using a static equivalent approach per Part 1 (2016) for building structures.

The seismic load generator can be used to generate lateral loads in the X and Z directions only. Y is the direction of gravity loads. This facility has not been developed for cases where the Z axis is set to be the vertical direction (See the SET Z UP command in TR.5 Set Command Specification).

General Format

DEFINE IS1893 2016 ( ACCIDENTAL ) LOAD

1893-2016-spec

wall-definitions

Refer to Wall Area Definitions for information on defining walls.

weight-data

Refer to Common Weight Data for information on how to specify structure weight for seismic loads.

where

1893-2016-spec =    ZONE f1 RF f2 I f3 { SS f4 | SA f11 } (ST f5) ( { DM f6 | DF f12 } ) (PX f7) (PZ f8) ( { DT f9 | GL f10 } ) (HT f13) (DX f14) (DZ f15)

Parameter	Description
ZONE f1	Seismic zone factor. Refer to Table 3 (Clause 6.4.2) of IS:1893 (Part 1)-2016.
RF f2	Response reduction factor. Refer Table 9 (Clause 7.2.6) of IS: 1893 (Part 1) -2016.
I f3	Importance factor depending upon the functional use of the structures, characterized by hazardous consequences of its failure, post-earthquake functional needs, historical value, or economic importance. Refer Table 8 (Clause 7.2.3) of IS:1893 (Part 1)-2016.
SS f4	Rock or soil sites factor. Depending on type of soil, average response acceleration coefficient S_a/g is calculated corresponding to 5% damping. Refer to Table 4 (Clause 6.4.2.1) of IS:1893 (Part 1) -2016. 1 = hard soil 2 = medium soil 3 = soft soil Note: Use either `SS` or`SA` to specify site conditions. If both parameters are specified, `SS` is ignored.
ST f5	Structure type of the seismic-resisting system. The program will calculate natural period as per Clause 7.6.2 of IS:1893(Part 1)-2016. 1 = RC moment-resisting frame building 2 = RC-Steel composite moment-resisting frame building 3 = Steel moment-resisting frame building 4 = Building with RC structural walls* 5 = All other buildings Note: *ST 4 requires that wall data be entered in order to determine the natural period.
DM f6	Damping ratio to obtain multiplying factor for calculating S_a/g for different damping. If no damping is specified 5% damping (default value 0.05) will be considered corresponding to which multiplying factor is 1.0. Refer to Clause 7.2.4 of IS:1893(Part 1)-2016. Note: Use either `DM` or`DF` to specify damping. If both parameters are specified, `DM` is ignored. This should be a value between 0 (zero) and 1.0, inclusive. For example, 7% damping should be specified as `0.07`.
PX f7	Optional period of structure (in sec) in X direction. If this is defined this value will be used to calculate S_a/g for generation of seismic load along X direction.
PZ f8	Optional period of structure (in sec) in Z direction. If this is defined this value will be used to calculate Sa/g for generation of seismic load along Z direction.
DT f9	Depth of foundation below ground level. It should be defined in current units. If the depth of foundation is 30 m or more, the value of A_h is taken as half the value obtained. If the foundation is placed between the ground level and 30 m depth, this value is linearly interpolated between A_h and 0.5A_h. Refer to Clause 6.4.5 of IS:1893(Part 1)-2016. Note: Use either `DT` or `GL` to specify foundation depth. If both parameters are specified, `DT` is ignored. See Node d below.
GL f10	Y coordinate of ground level (or global Z coordinate for `SET Z UP`). A reduced lateral force is applied to levels below this height, per Clause 6.4.5. Note: Use either `DT` or `GL` to specify foundation depth. If both parameters are specified, `DT` is ignored. See Node d below.
SA f11	Average response spectral acceleration coefficient corresponding to site specific spectra. Refer to Clause 6.4.7 of IS:1893(Part 1)-2016.
DF f12	Multiplying factor for calculating S_a/g.
HT f13	Height of the building. Refer Clause 7.6.2 (a) and Fig. 5 of IS 1893 2016
DX f14	Base dimension of the building in X direction at the plinth level. Refer Clause 7.6.2(b) or (c)
DZ f15	Base dimension of the building in Z direction at the plinth level. Refer Clause 7.6.2(b) or (c)

Note: For additional details on the application of a seismic load definition used to generate loads, refer to TR.32.12.2 Generation of Seismic Loads.

Notes

If the ACCIDENTAL option is specified, the accidental torsion will be calculated per the IS 1893 specifications. The value of the accidental torsion is based on the center of mass for each level. The center of mass is calculated from the SELFWEIGHT, JOINT WEIGHT, and MEMBER WEIGHT commands you have specified.

The ACC option along with accidental eccentricity factor (generally 0.05 as per IS 1893 code) needs to be provided in the 1893 seismic primary load case (i.e., 1893 LOAD X / Z f1 ACC f3 ). f2 can be negative. See TR.32.12.2 Generation of Seismic Loads

To consider horizontal torsion in cases where a floor diaphragm is present in the model, the ACCIDENTAL option should not be specified. Instead, dynamic eccentricity along with accidental eccentricity should be provided in the 1893 seismic primary load case (i.e., 1893 LOAD X / Z f1 DEC f2 ACC f3). For equivalent seismic analysis, f2 is 1.5 and f3 is 0.05 as per IS 1893 code. f1 is always positive or zero, however f2 can be negative. If f2 is 0.0, only accidental torsion will be considered for this particular load case.
By default, STAAD.Pro calculates natural periods of the structure in both X and Z directions respectively which are used in calculation for base shear. If PX and PZ are included, the program will consider these values for calculation of average response acceleration coefficient. If ST is used instead of PX and PZ values, then the program will calculate natural period depending upon the empirical expression given in IS: 1893 (Part 1)-2016.
In the case where no rigid floor diaphragm is present, STAAD.Pro identifies columns and shear walls (without openings) as vertical components for the purpose of computing lateral stiffness of the story.

The lateral stiffness of a column is calculated as:

12EI / L³
where
E
=
Young's modulus
I
=
moment of inertia
L
=
length of the column

The lateral stiffness for a shear wall (without opening) is calculated as:

$\frac{1}{\frac{P h^{3}}{12 E I} + \frac{1.2 P h}{A G}}$

Which is the summation of inverse of flexural stiffness and inverse of shear stiffness, obtained as deflection of a cantilever wall under a single lateral load, P, at its top.
where
h
=
height
A
=
cross-sectional area
G
=
shear modulus of the wall

The summation of lateral stiffnesses of all columns and shear walls at a particular floor level constitutes the total lateral stiffness of that particular story or floor level. The program checks for a soft story of a building along both global X and Z directions respectively. This computation is valid only for those structures whose floors are treated as rigid diaphragm

Clause 6.4.5 of IS:1893 part-I -2016 stipulates that for underground structures and foundation at a depth 30m or below, the design horizontal spectrum (A_h or A_k) value should be taken as half of the actual one for structures placed between ground level and 30 m depth the design horizontal acceleration spectrum must be interpolated between A_h and (0.5 A_h). The reduction of A_h should be done on the potion of the structure (mass situated below GL) located below ground.

Base shear, VB, calculation above and below ground level, GL

You can provide DT or GL parameter to tell the program what your actual depth of foundation below the ground level.

Note: The parameter DT should not be used to reduce A_h. Only GL should be used.

The program will then evaluate the multiplication factor on A_h and calculate the base shear. This reduces the actual base shear for underground portion and the base shear, V_B is distributed into story shear of that portion (for static analysis).

For the portion of the structure above the ground, the design lateral force at the i^th floor, Q_i:

Q_{i} = (\frac{W_{i} h_{i}^{2}}{\sum W_{i} h_{i}^{2}}) {V B}_{S}

where

W_i	=	seismic weight of i^th floor above the ground
h_i	=	height of i^th floor above the ground
VB_s	=	horizontal base shear = A_h·W_s
W_s	=	seismic weight of the portion which is above the ground

For the portion of the structure below the ground, the design lateral force at the j^th floor, Q_j:

Q_{j} = (\frac{W_{j} h_{j}^{2}}{\sum W_{j} h_{j}^{2}}) {V B}_{S}

where

W_j	=	seismic weight of j^th floor below the ground
h_j	=	height of j^th floor below the ground
VB_u	=	horizontal base shear = Ah_R·W_u
W_u	=	seismic weight of the portion which is below the ground

Example

DEFINE IS1893 2016 LOAD
ZONE 0.36 RF 5 I 1.2 SS 1 ST 1 DM 0.05
JOINT WEIGHT
39 60 80 WEIGHT 100
LOAD 1 LOADTYPE Seismic  TITLE SS_(+X)
1893 LOAD X 1
LOAD 2 LOADTYPE Seismic  TITLE SS_(+Z)
1893 LOAD Z 1
LOAD 3 LOADTYPE Seismic  TITLE SS_(+Y)
1893 LOAD Y 1

Methodology

The design base shear is computed by STAAD.Pro for building structures as per IS: 1893 (Part 1) 2016:

V = A_h.W

where

A_h	=	the design spectral acceleration based on Clause 6.4.2. This value is calculated for each mode. $= \frac{Z}{2} \frac{I}{R} \frac{S_{a}}{g}$
W	=	Seismic weight of the building which is determined from the loads. Iideally, this is defined in a reference load case of type Mass. Alternately, weights can be added in this definition.

Note: All symbols and notations in the above equation are as per IS: 1893(Part 1) 2016.

STAAD.Pro utilizes the following procedure to generate the lateral seismic loads:

You provide seismic zone coefficient and desired 1893 specs through the DEFINE 1893 LOAD command.
The program calculates the structure period, T.
The program calculates Sa/g utilizing T. For the Y direction, Sa/g = 2.5 per clause 6.4.6.
The program calculates V from the above equation. W is obtained from mass table data entered via SELFWEIGHT, JOINT WEIGHT(s), MEMBER WEIGHT(S), and/or REFERENCE LOAD you provide through the DEFINE 1893 LOAD command.
The total lateral seismic load (base shear) is then distributed by the program among different levels of the structure per the IS: 1893 procedures.

See TR.32.12 Generation of Loads for additional information.

IS 1893 2016 Implementation

Note: STAAD.Pro can automatically comply with the reduced section property requirements of clause 6.4.3 for seismic loads with use of the MEMBER CRACKED CODE IS1893 2016 command. Refer to TR.20.10 Member Property Reduction Factors for details.

7.2 Lateral Force - The design spectral acceleration, A_h, is based on Clause 6.4.2. This value is calculated for each mode and is multiplied by the seismic weight at each degree of freedom.

7.2.2 - A minimum of lateral base shear which needs to be distributed to each floor (or each node of each floor) in a building is calculated per Table 7 and Clause 7.2.2. This is used to determine a minimum base shear value.
7.2.3 - An additional importance factor has been added.
7.2.4 - 5% damping should be used for all structures, regardless of the material. The program will accept other values in the DM parameter, but a warning will be issued in the output.
7.2.6 - The user interface includes a list of response reduction factors taken from Table 10 of IS 1893 2016.

7.6 Equivalent Static Method

7.6.2 - Calculation of the approximate time-period based on height of the building
- For point a, the time period is calculated as follows for reinforced-concrete and steel composite MRF builds: T_a = 0.08^0.75.
- For point b and point c, the time period is a function of the wall area. Therefore, the wall-data-pairs must provided to correctly calculate the time period for ST 4 or 5 (reinfroced concrete structural walls or all "other" buildings).

Parent topic: TR.31.2 Definitions for Static Force Procedures for Seismic Analysis

Related concepts	Related tasks	Related reference	Related topics
TR.31.2 Definitions for Static Force Procedures for Seismic Analysis	M. To add wall data area to an IS1893 2016 seismic definition	Add New Seismic Definitions dialog	V. IS 1893 2016 Static Seismic

E	=	Young's modulus
I	=	moment of inertia
L	=	length of the column