RAM Structural System Help

Column Element Formulation

Similar to the 3D beam element, the stiffness matrix of a column element is defined in terms of twelve degrees of freedom. The effects of rigid end zones are also accounted for in the formulation and transformation. The element formulation includes axial, bending torsional and shear deformations. The stiffness formulation of a column assumes that the column element is prismatic. Any sloped column can be defined.