D4.E.6.1 Members Subject to Axial Forces
Axial Tension
The criteria governing the capacity of tension members are based on two limit states: resistance due to yielding and resistance due to rupture. The resistance due to rupture depends on effective net section area. You may specify the net section area through the NSF design parameter. Additionally, the shear lag factor, U, may be entered using the SLF parameter. STAAD.Pro calculates the tension capacity of a member based on these two limits states per Cl.13.2 of CAN/CSA-S16-09. Design parameters FYLD, FU, NSF, and SLF (Refer to D4.E.7 Design Parameters) are applicable for these calculations
Axial Compression
The compressive resistance of columns is determined based on Clause 13.3 of the code. The equations presented in this section of the code assume that the compressive resistance is a function of the compressive strength of the gross section (Gross section Area times the Yield Strength) as well as the slenderness factor (KL/r ratios). The effective length for the calculation of compression resistance may be provided through the use of the parameters KT, KY, KZ, LT, LY, and LZ (Refer to D4.E.7 Design Parameters). Some of the aspects of the axial compression capacity calculations are :
- For doubly symmetric sections
meeting the requirement of Table 1, resistance is:
Resistance due to Major axis buckling per Cl. 13.3.1.
Resistance due to Minor axis buckling per Cl. 13.3.1
where- n
= - 1.34 for hot-rolled, fabricated structural sections and hollow structural sections manufactured in accordance with CSA G40.20, Class C (cold-formed non-stress-relieved)
2.24 for doubly symmetric welded three-plate members with flange edges oxy-flame-cut and hollow structural sections manufactured in accordance with CSA G40.20, Class H (hot-formed or cold-formed stress-relieved)
Design parameters NCR and STP are used to evaluate the value of n for a member.
- λ
= - Fe
= - For any
other section not covered under Cl. 13.3.1, the factored compressive
resistance,
Cr
, is
computed using the expression given in Cl. 13.3.1 with a value of n = 1.34 and
the value of
Fe
taken as
follows:
- For doubly symmetric sections and axisymmetric sections, the least of Fex , Fey , and Fez .
- For
singly symmetric sections with the Y axis taken as the axis of symmetry, the
lesser of
Fex
and
Feyz
where
- Feyz
= - Fex
= - Fey
= - Fez
= - x0,y0
= - the principal coordinates of the shear center with respect to the centroid of the cross section
= - Ω
= - For asymmetric sections the smallest root of:
- For Class 4
member subjected to axial compression, the factored compressive resistance is:
Ae is calculated using reduced element widths meeting the maximum width to thickness ratio specified in Table 1.