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G.18 Member End Forces

Member end forces and moments in the member result from loads applied to the structure. These forces are in the local member coordinate system. The following figures show the member end actions with their directions.

Note: In addition to the member end forces, intermediate forces and section stresses are reported at 13 equally spaced sections along each analytical member.

Member end forces when Global Y is vertical

Member end moments when Global Y is vertical

Member end forces when Global Z is vertical (that is, `SET Z UP` is specified)

Member end moments when Global Z is vertical (that is, `SET Z UP` is specified)

Stress Zones Due to Bending

Stress zones due to bending about the Y axis (MY) for various section types

Note: Local X axis goes into the page; Global Y is vertically upwards; Shaded area indicates zone under compression; Non-shaded area indicates zone under tension

Stress zones due to bending about the Z axis (MZ) for various section types

Note: Local X axis goes into the page; Global Y is vertically upwards; Shaded area indicates zone under compression; Non-shaded area indicates zone under tension.