# TR.31.2.10 IS:1893 (Part 1) 2016 Codes - Lateral Seismic Load

This feature enables one to generate seismic loads per the IS:1893 specifications using a static equivalent approach per Part 1 (2016) for building structures.

The seismic load generator can be used to generate lateral loads in the X and Z directions only. Y is the direction of gravity loads. This facility has not been developed for cases where the Z axis is set to be the vertical direction (See the SET Z UP command in TR.5 Set Command Specification).

## General Format

DEFINE IS1893 2016 ( ACCIDENTAL ) LOAD
1893-2016-spec
wall-definitions

Refer to Wall Area Definitions for information on defining walls.

weight-data

Refer to Common Weight Data for information on how to specify structure weight for seismic loads.

where

1893-2016-spec =    ZONE f1 RF f2 I f3 { SS f4 | SA f11 } (ST f5) ( { DM f6 | DF f12 } ) (PX f7) (PZ f8) ( { DT f9 | GL f10 } ) (HT f13) (DX f14) (DZ f15)
ParameterDescription
ZONE f1 Seismic zone factor. Refer to Table 3 (Clause 6.4.2) of IS:1893 (Part 1)-2016.
RF f2 Response reduction factor. Refer Table 9 (Clause 7.2.6) of IS: 1893 (Part 1) -2016.
I f3 Importance factor depending upon the functional use of the structures, characterized by hazardous consequences of its failure, post-earthquake functional needs, historical value, or economic importance. Refer Table 8 (Clause 7.2.3) of IS:1893 (Part 1)-2016.
SS f4 Rock or soil sites factor. Depending on type of soil, average response acceleration coefficient Sa/g is calculated corresponding to 5% damping. Refer to Table 4 (Clause 6.4.2.1) of IS:1893 (Part 1) -2016.
• 1 = hard soil
• 2 = medium soil
• 3 = soft soil
Note: Use either SS orSA to specify site conditions. If both parameters are specified, SS is ignored.
ST f5 Structure type of the seismic-resisting system. The program will calculate natural period as per Clause 7.6.2 of IS:1893(Part 1)-2016.
• 1 = RC moment-resisting frame building
• 2 = RC-Steel composite moment-resisting frame building
• 3 = Steel moment-resisting frame building
• 4 = Building with RC structural walls*
• 5 = All other buildings
Note: *ST 4 requires that wall data be entered in order to determine the natural period.
DM f6 Damping ratio to obtain multiplying factor for calculating Sa/g for different damping. If no damping is specified 5% damping (default value 0.05) will be considered corresponding to which multiplying factor is 1.0. Refer to Clause 7.2.4 of IS:1893(Part 1)-2016.
Note: Use either DM orDF to specify damping. If both parameters are specified, DM is ignored.

This should be a value between 0 (zero) and 1.0, inclusive. For example, 7% damping should be specified as 0.07.

PX f7 Optional period of structure (in sec) in X direction. If this is defined this value will be  used to calculate Sa/g for generation of seismic load along X direction.
PZ f8 Optional period of structure (in sec) in Z direction. If this is defined this value will be used to calculate Sa/g for generation of seismic load along Z direction.
DT f9 Depth of foundation below ground level. It should be defined in current units. If the depth of foundation is 30 m or more, the value of Ah is taken as half the value obtained. If the foundation is placed between the ground level and 30 m depth, this value is linearly interpolated between Ah and 0.5Ah. Refer to Clause 6.4.5 of IS:1893(Part 1)-2016.
Note: Use either DT or GL to specify foundation depth. If both parameters are specified, DT is ignored. See Node d below.
GL f10 Y coordinate of ground level (or global Z coordinate for SET Z UP). A reduced lateral force is applied to levels below this height, per Clause 6.4.5.
Note: Use either DT or GL to specify foundation depth. If both parameters are specified, DT is ignored. See Node d below.
SA f11 Average response spectral acceleration coefficient corresponding to site specific spectra. Refer to Clause 6.4.7 of IS:1893(Part 1)-2016.
DF f12 Multiplying factor for calculating Sa/g.
HT f13 Height of the building. Refer Clause 7.6.2 (a) and Fig. 5 of IS 1893 2016
DX f14 Base dimension of the building in X direction at the plinth level. Refer Clause 7.6.2(b) or (c)
DZ f15 Base dimension of the building in Z direction at the plinth level. Refer Clause 7.6.2(b) or (c)
Note: For additional details on the application of a seismic load definition used to generate loads, refer to GUID-6D9B5C48-9FFF-4548-BFB4-ACAE1E973743.

## Notes

1. If the ACCIDENTAL option is specified, the accidental torsion will be calculated per the IS 1893 specifications. The value of the accidental torsion is based on the center of mass for each level. The center of mass is calculated from the SELFWEIGHT, JOINT WEIGHT, and MEMBER WEIGHT commands you have specified.

The ACC option along with accidental eccentricity factor (generally 0.05 as per IS 1893 code) needs to be provided in the 1893 seismic primary load case (i.e., 1893 LOAD X / Z f1 ACC f3  ). f2 can be negative. See GUID-82BB33A3-5810-4CC0-A6D6-5EF0440C202B#GUID-82BB33A3-5810-4CC0-A6D6-5EF0440C202B

To consider horizontal torsion in cases where a floor diaphragm is present in the model, the ACCIDENTAL option should not be specified. Instead, dynamic eccentricity along with accidental eccentricity should be provided in the 1893 seismic primary load case (i.e., 1893 LOAD X / Z f1 DEC f2 ACC f3 ). For equivalent seismic analysis, f2 is 1.5 and f3 is 0.05 as per IS 1893 code. f1 is always positive or zero, however f2 can be negative. If f2 is 0.0, only accidental torsion will be considered for this particular load case.

2. By default, STAAD.Pro calculates natural periods of the structure in both X and Z directions respectively which are used in calculation for base shear. If PX and PZ are included, the program will consider these values for calculation of average response acceleration coefficient. If ST is used instead of PX and PZ values, then the program will calculate natural period depending upon the empirical expression given in IS: 1893 (Part 1)-2016.

3. In the case where no rigid floor diaphragm is present, STAAD.Pro identifies columns and shear walls (without openings) as vertical components for the purpose of computing lateral stiffness of the story.

The lateral stiffness of a column is calculated as:

 12EI / L3

where
 E = Young's modulus I = moment of inertia L = length of the column

The lateral stiffness for a shear wall (without opening) is calculated as:

$1 P h 3 12 E I + 1.2 P h A G$

Which is the summation of inverse of flexural stiffness and inverse of shear stiffness, obtained as deflection of a cantilever wall under a single lateral load, P, at its top.

where
 h = height A = cross-sectional area G = shear modulus of the wall

The summation of lateral stiffnesses of all columns and shear walls at a particular floor level constitutes the total lateral stiffness of that particular story or floor level. The program checks for a soft story of a building along both global X and Z directions respectively. This computation is valid only for those structures whose floors are treated as rigid diaphragm

4. Clause 6.4.5 of IS:1893 part-I -2016 stipulates that for underground structures and foundation at a depth 30m or below, the design horizontal spectrum (Ah or Ak) value should be taken as half of the actual one for structures placed between ground level and 30 m depth the design horizontal acceleration spectrum must be interpolated between Ah and (0.5 Ah). The reduction of Ah should be done on the potion of the structure (mass situated below GL) located below ground.

### Base shear, VB, calculation above and below ground level, GL

You can provide DT or GL parameter to tell the program what your actual depth of foundation below the ground level.

Note: The parameter DT should not be used to reduce Ah. Only GL should be used.

The program will then evaluate the multiplication factor on Ah and calculate the base shear. This reduces the actual base shear for underground portion and the base shear, VB is distributed into story shear of that portion (for static analysis).

• For the portion of the structure above the ground, the design lateral force at the ith floor, Qi:
$Qi=(Wihi2∑Wihi2)VBS$
where Wi = seismic weight of ith floor above the ground hi = height of ith floor above the ground VBs = horizontal base shear = Ah·Ws Ws = seismic weight of the portion which is above the ground
• For the portion of the structure below the ground, the design lateral force at the jth floor, Qj:
$Qj=(Wjhj2∑Wjhj2)VBS$
where Wj = seismic weight of jth floor below the ground hj = height of jth floor below the ground VBu = horizontal base shear = AhR·Wu Wu = seismic weight of the portion which is below the ground

## Example

DEFINE IS1893 2016 LOAD
ZONE 0.36 RF 5 I 1.2 SS 1 ST 1 DM 0.05
JOINT WEIGHT
39 60 80 WEIGHT 100
1893 LOAD Y 1

## Methodology

The design base shear is computed by STAAD.Pro for building structures as per IS: 1893 (Part 1) 2016:

 V = Ah.W

where
 Ah = the design spectral acceleration based on Clause 6.4.2. This value is calculated for each mode. $=Z2IRSag$ W = Seismic weight of the building which is determined from the loads. Iideally, this is defined in a reference load case of type Mass. Alternately, weights can be added in this definition.
Note: All symbols and notations in the above equation are as per IS: 1893(Part 1) 2016.
1. You provide seismic zone coefficient and desired 1893 specs through the DEFINE 1893 LOAD command.
2. The program calculates the structure period, T.
3. The program calculates Sa/g utilizing T. For the Y direction, Sa/g = 2.5 per clause 6.4.6.
4. The program calculates V from the above equation. W is obtained from mass table data entered via SELFWEIGHT, JOINT WEIGHT(s), MEMBER WEIGHT(S), and/or REFERENCE LOAD you provide through the DEFINE 1893 LOAD command.
5. The total lateral seismic load (base shear) is then distributed by the program among different levels of the structure per the IS: 1893 procedures.