Section 12.3 Development of Deformed Bars in Compression

The development length ℓ_d is calculated as $0.24 d_{b} f_{y} / \sqrt{{f^{'}}_{c}}$ but not less than 0.44 d_bf_y or 200 mm in accordance with section 12.3.1. f'_c is limited to 8 Mpa in accordance with 12.1.2, and for sections with multiple concrete strengths, the minimum concrete strength is used in this calculation.

Modifications factors applied for the following conditions in accordance with section 12.3.3:

provided reinforcement exceeding that required by analysis, the factor is A_s,required/A_s,Provided
factor 0.75 applied for reinforcement enclosed with spiral reinforcement or within 10M ties in compliance with section 7.6.5 and spaced more than 100 mm on center.