Included code sections - 11.3.9.2, 11.3.9.3, 11.3.9.5, 11.3.10.6

The longitudinal reinforcement is designed including the additional tension forces caused by shear and torsion in accordance with 11.3.9.

The calculation is performed iteratively to find the strain at mid-depth of the cross section, ε _x using cracked section analysis. The shear tension is calculated using the shear terms of equations 11-14 and 11-15 and ignoring the vertical component of prestressing.

The calculated tension forces are modified in accordance with clauses 11.3.9.4 and 11.3.9.5, using a full reduction at the face of support and linearly reducing it to 0 over a distance of d_v cot θ. The distance d_v is conservatively taken as 0.72h for this calculation. In continuous spans the shear tension forces are set to zero at the face of support in accordance with 11.3.9.4 while at the end of discontinous spans the calculated shear tension is applied at the location of the design bar on the tension face.

Shear tension forces are combined with torsion tension forces using equation 11-21.

In slabs, the design is performed to limit the strain at mid-depth ε _x to the maximum value that would not require transverse reinforcement. If transverse reinforcement is required, the design is performed such that ε _x is limited to 0.001.

In the calculation of longitudinal strain ε _x , no material strength reduction factors are applied.