RAM Concept Help

Section 4.3.7 Ultimate limit state for beams in flexure

Included code sections - 4.3.7.1, 4.2.7.2, 4.3.7.3 (partial)

Excluded code sections - 4.3.7.3 (partial), 4.3.7.4

See section 3.4.4 for general approach. Note that if axial forces are included in the design (per the design span or design section setting), then the diversion of post-tensioning forces into supports will cause a hyperstatic (secondary) tension in many design sections, as is appropriate.

Post-tensioning Tendons are included. See "Post-tensioning Material Stress-Strain Curves" for tendon stress-strain curves.

Bonded tendon strains are calculated using strain compatibility.

If a tendon is not perpendicular (in plan) to the cross section under consideration, then vector components of the cross section strains and the tendon stresses are used.

Unbonded tendon stresses are calculated using a strain reduction factor approach (see detailed description in "Unbonded Post-tensioning Stress-Strain Curves –General Theory").

If tendon centroid is closer to the extreme compression fiber than the compression reinforcement, a solution may not be possible.

Equation 51 and Table 4.4 are not used.