Answer: See Punching Shear Design Notes .

Answer: No.

Answer: The ratio of maximum stress to allowable stress.

Answer: No. The biaxial moments are factored elastic moments.

Answer: The punching shear at such a column is either:

1. sufficient if provided with design punching shear reinforcement, or
2. insufficient (reinforcement cannot solve the problem and the concrete form needs revision).

Answer: The code provides formula for calculating punching shear. This does not apply any logic as to whether a punching failure can occur.

RAM Concept is only doing a punching check at a column supporting a beam because the user drew a punching check there. You should decide the nature of the potential failure mechanism and thus whether punching check is appropriate.

Shallow beams could certainly have punching failure. Deep beams are less likely to have punching failure, and one-way shear failure would be the likely failure mechanism.

For example, column A in the following two figures is satisfactory for one-way shear (with reinforcement in the beam) but the code equation determines that there is a punching failure. You need to decide if this is appropriate.

It would be possible, but very rare, for a punching failure at column B since it is satisfactory for one-way shear in the beam (with reinforcement).