Forces in the horizontal and vertical section cuts in walls are obtained from finite element analysis performed in RAM Frame.

Axial-Flexural design is performed by checking every section cut under every load combination against the ultimate PMM envelope of the section cut.

The PMM envelope is determined using a rectangular stress block for concrete according to 3.1.7 (3), and a bi-linear stress-strain relationship for steel according to 3.2.7 (2) (b).

If the PMM limit is exceeded, the design optimizer increases the bar pattern adopted in the current wall panel until a valid design is obtained whilst also ensuring that previously designed section cuts in the same wall panel are still satisfactory.